Agriculture dominates the economies of most countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, the rapidly rising rate of food and agricultural products imports in the recent decade warrants attention. With declining food self-sufficiency, the demand for food has been met mainly by imports. This chapter identifies the food problem in the region, examines the impact of food imports on Africa’s food systems, and explores the challenges associated with food imports. The chapter is based on a review of existing literature on agriculture and food systems in SSA. It shows that misplaced policies and planning have resulted in situations where food crops are controlled by external investors who focus on export to fetch high profits, leaving Africa with inadequate food. International investments have also been grabbing African farmland for speculative purposes and for the production of non-food crops, thus undermining the African food base. Hence, a food problem exists, and is reflected both in the volume and the structure of imports. In response, food aid and other emergency relief arrangements are become popular. However, longer-term policy initiatives would have to be based on a careful and comprehensive analysis of the determinants of SSA’s imports of food and agricultural products.