This chapter introduces the book Agriculture and Sustainable Development in Africa: Resilience and Recovery Toward Sustainable Futures. This is achieved first by theorising agriculture and food systems and by providing an overview of their state as well as their potential to meet food demands in the face of a growing population, climate change and other factors. Studies on African agriculture and food systems conventionally prescribe infrastructural development and technology integration as pathways to resilience, recovery, and sustainable transformation. This book argues that African agriculture and food systems are diverse and complex, requiring a blend of interventions that transcend infrastructural development and technology integration. Blending interventions opens up opportunities to respond to a variety of challenges, old and emerging, ranging from climate change impacts to rapid population growth, limited resources, conflict and instability, and economic factors. This book pulls together, logically and coherently, the diverse agricultural and food system interventions and then argues for the need for sustained, blended approaches involving significant investment, strong political will, innovative solutions, and collaborative partnerships to build truly resilient and equitable agricultural and food systems in Africa.