It is a potential hazard mode of aircraft tire blasting that the wheel fails and throws out the rim fragments, which has a low probability but is extremely harmful. In order to evaluate the threat of rim debris to the typical double-layer foam-filled impact-resistant fuel tank cover of aircraft, the actual impact position and impact angle of rim debris were characterized by a digital prototype, and a numerical analysis model was established based on the ductile failure criterion, which could reflect the structural dynamic response. The damage degree under three impact postures, namely, outer-section, cross-section and sharp-corner, was evaluated from three dimensions, such as stress level, damage morphology and displacement response. The results show that: the rim debris of the nose landing gear has no effect on the aircraft, and the rim debris of the main landing gear impacting the fuel tank cover at an angle of 16 is the most dangerous condition; The rim debris has the risk of penetrating the fuel tank cover. The cross-sectional impact is the most dangerous impact posture, causing the most serious damage. The internal structure of the cover has reached the critical damage value, which requires special attention in the design and verification of the fuel tank cover.