The surface integrity plays an important role in the service life of machined components and is characterized by the residual stresses and surface roughness generated by the machining processes. In this context, the use of different cutting parameters can substantially impact machining operations and, consequently, influence the characteristics of the machined surface. The present work aims to study the machining of 350 grade maraging steel in solution-treated and aged conditions by end milling, with cemented carbide inserts, and grinding, with oxide aluminum (Al2O3) wheel, correlating the cutting conditions with the behavior of residual stresses and the surface roughness. All the operations were carried out with the application of flood coolant. The effects of cutting parameters were evaluated by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The residual stresses were measured by X-ray diffraction technique, using the sin2ψ method. The results indicated that both milling and grinding processes induced compressive residual stresses in the solution-treated and aged steel, however, a better surface finish was obtained by milling operation.