This chapter introduces the collection of essays in Ecoadaptation, noting that this is the first book-length work to explore the intersection of adaptation studies and environmental studies, exploring how elements of the natural world and the environment are represented and adapted in a variety of media. The chapter provides a brief historical and theoretical rationale for bringing together the two fields of study, exploring the scholarly origins of the two fields in the latter half of the twentieth century and tracing the developing connections between the two: the use of biological evolution as analogy for cultural adaptation, and more recently, how the two fields have become newly entangled, with ecological language becoming more common in adaptation studies, and the role of narrative becoming more prominent in ecocriticism. This historical overview leads to an extended definition of the term “ecoadaptation” and introduces the work of scholars who have identified the current environmental crisis as a critical moment for adaptation studies. It then introduces the five sections of the book and points out the key themes that recur throughout the book. Finally, the chapter considers the question of what good a study like this can do in the real world.