This chapter introduces and examines the philosophy of Hu Shi 胡適 (Hu Shih 1891–1962). Hu Shi was one of the most eminent intellectuals in modern China. He was an epoch-making figure and one of the most recognized leaders of thought and scholarship in his time. He was one of the initiators of the New Culture Movement in the late 1910s. He was the first one who advocated the use of vernacular Chinese in writing that led to revolutionary change in Chinese language and literature. He was one of the best representatives of Chinese liberals who truly understood core liberal values and unwaveringly committed to them for a lifetime. He was also the one who brought Dewey’s pragmatism to China. He was an earnest advocate of the scientific method, which he considered applicable to all disciplines of learning and all aspects of life. As a philosopher, an educator, and a scholar-politician, he played a very significant role in transforming Chinese culture in the twentieth century.