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In 1703, at the mouth of the Neva River, Tsar Peter I (1682–1725) founded a new city, which in 1712 became the capital of RussiaRussia. According to the tsar’s original plan, the city under construction should first of all become the principal seaportSeaport of the country. It would connect RussiaRussia with European countries. This was one of the main objectives of the Northern War (1700–1721). Among the very first buildings on the banks of the Neva River was the Peter and Paul Fortress, next to it, now on Troitskaya Square, shopping arcades were formed, a pier was built, and tradeTrade was organized. The first house of Tsar Peter was also built nearby. MerchantsMerchants from different regions of Russia were voluntarily and forcibly attracted to St. Petersburg to develop and intensify trade. Favorable conditions were created for foreign merchantsMerchants. At the initiative of the authoritiesAuthorities, the first stock exchangeStock exchange was established in the city, which served as a “school” for organized merchants. There, by decree of the tsarist governmentGovernment, the class association of merchants into guildsGuilds took place. In order to control and improve trade activities, merchant courtyardsMerchant courtyards were created, which spread throughout the city. Particular attention of the authorities was paid to attracting foreign merchants to St. Petersburg. The united merchantsMerchants participated in city government, resolved social issues within their corporation, and were engaged in charitable activities.

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Saint Petersburg as the Center of Russian Trade in the Eighteenth–Nineteenth Centuries

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Olga Pavlova

摘要

In 1703, at the mouth of the Neva River, Tsar Peter I (1682–1725) founded a new city, which in 1712 became the capital of RussiaRussia. According to the tsar’s original plan, the city under construction should first of all become the principal seaportSeaport of the country. It would connect RussiaRussia with European countries. This was one of the main objectives of the Northern War (1700–1721). Among the very first buildings on the banks of the Neva River was the Peter and Paul Fortress, next to it, now on Troitskaya Square, shopping arcades were formed, a pier was built, and tradeTrade was organized. The first house of Tsar Peter was also built nearby. MerchantsMerchants from different regions of Russia were voluntarily and forcibly attracted to St. Petersburg to develop and intensify trade. Favorable conditions were created for foreign merchantsMerchants. At the initiative of the authoritiesAuthorities, the first stock exchangeStock exchange was established in the city, which served as a “school” for organized merchants. There, by decree of the tsarist governmentGovernment, the class association of merchants into guildsGuilds took place. In order to control and improve trade activities, merchant courtyardsMerchant courtyards were created, which spread throughout the city. Particular attention of the authorities was paid to attracting foreign merchants to St. Petersburg. The united merchantsMerchants participated in city government, resolved social issues within their corporation, and were engaged in charitable activities.