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This chapter analyzes the impact of communication latency (CML) and frequency detection errors (FDE) on regulating flexible loads to provide frequency regulation resources. First, this chapter develops the aggregation models of ON-OFF flexible loads and continuously adjustable flexible loads, respectively. The centralized and distributed control methods considering the CML and FDE are developed, respectively. On this basis, a novel hybrid control method is proposed to compensate the CML and FDE, in which the modification method is developed for improving the estimation accuracy of the FDE. The results in the numerical studies show that the maximum system frequency deviation extends due to the FDE and CML, respectively. After the modification by the proposed hybrid control method, the maximum frequency deviation is decreased, which is almost equal to the ideal value when there is no FDE and CML. Therefore, this research can compensate the CML and FDE well, which is useful for guiding demand response projects in smart grid.

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Modelling and Control of Flexible Loads for Frequency Regulation Services Considering Compensation of Communication Latency and Detection Error

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Hongxun HUI,
  • Liya MA,
  • Yi DING,
  • Yonghua SONG

摘要

This chapter analyzes the impact of communication latency (CML) and frequency detection errors (FDE) on regulating flexible loads to provide frequency regulation resources. First, this chapter develops the aggregation models of ON-OFF flexible loads and continuously adjustable flexible loads, respectively. The centralized and distributed control methods considering the CML and FDE are developed, respectively. On this basis, a novel hybrid control method is proposed to compensate the CML and FDE, in which the modification method is developed for improving the estimation accuracy of the FDE. The results in the numerical studies show that the maximum system frequency deviation extends due to the FDE and CML, respectively. After the modification by the proposed hybrid control method, the maximum frequency deviation is decreased, which is almost equal to the ideal value when there is no FDE and CML. Therefore, this research can compensate the CML and FDE well, which is useful for guiding demand response projects in smart grid.