It Feels Like Chaos Until They Learn to Move as One: The Stages of Group Development
摘要
This chapter examines Tuckman’s influential model of group formation, which identifies five stages in the development of collaborative groups: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. First introduced in 1965 and revised in 1977, the model remains foundational in education and organisational studies. Each stage reflects a phase in group evolution, from orientation and conflict to cohesion, effective collaboration, and dissolution. Forming begins with purpose and relationship-building, while storming introduces tension as members assert differences. Norming fosters respect, norms, and constructive communication, leading to performing, marked by trust and interdependence. Adjourning provides closure and reflection. The chapter affirms the model’s value for designing and evaluating collaborative learning.