The management of health emergencies, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, requires a systematic approach that combines advanced technologies with rigorous analytical methodologies. In this context, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have become key tools for integrating, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data to support public health decision-making. This article presents an application of the data analysis life cycle for the development of a GIS tool aimed at addressing health emergencies in Mexico, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. The methodology employed is based on the stages of the data analysis life cycle: problem formulation, data acquisition and preparation, exploratory analysis, spatial modeling, evaluation of results, and communication of findings. Official sources such as data from the Ministry of Health, INEGI cartography, and socioeconomic geographic layers are used to build the proposed GIS tool, which allows for the detection of propagation patterns, critical zones, and gaps in access to medical services. The results show that the geographic approach, applied through this life cycle, allows for a deeper understanding of the territorial behavior of the pandemic, supporting containment strategies, resource allocation, and the design of targeted interventions. Through this proposal, we highlight the relevance of institutionalizing the use of GIS and analytical methodologies within health systems, not only for current emergencies, but also as preparation for future health contingencies.