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Autonomous driving technology is still evolving. A fully automated vehicle is still far from being deployed, and meanwhile, highly automated vehicles must interact with human drivers to handle complex driving scenarios. Understanding this human-machine interaction is crucial to enhancing road safety through this technology. This paper presents a simulation-based study of the driving performance of human subjects during take over maneuvers using a set of key performance indicators. Twenty-two participants took part in the study, facing three driving scenarios with different risk and distraction levels. The results showed how the distraction level impacted the participants’ driving capabilities and how different groups of interest handled the driving scenarios.

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Take over Requests Study in a Simulation Environment for Conditional Automated Vehicles

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Juan Peña,
  • Evelyn Vasquez,
  • Alejandra Feo,
  • Juan Medina-Lee

摘要

Autonomous driving technology is still evolving. A fully automated vehicle is still far from being deployed, and meanwhile, highly automated vehicles must interact with human drivers to handle complex driving scenarios. Understanding this human-machine interaction is crucial to enhancing road safety through this technology. This paper presents a simulation-based study of the driving performance of human subjects during take over maneuvers using a set of key performance indicators. Twenty-two participants took part in the study, facing three driving scenarios with different risk and distraction levels. The results showed how the distraction level impacted the participants’ driving capabilities and how different groups of interest handled the driving scenarios.