This chapter examines the multifaceted roles of Swedish consuls in the Barbary States during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, revealing a level of integration and local involvement that challenges traditional depictions of consular neutrality. Based on consular correspondence, state records, and commercial documentation, it shows how consuls acted not only as diplomatic agents but also as merchants and brokers embedded in Mediterranean networks of trade and captivity. One of the chapter’s most striking findings is Sweden’s participation—alongside France and Venice—in the maritime transport of enslaved Africans across the Mediterranean. Although these activities were conducted through private ventures and not formally sanctioned by the state, they demonstrate how consuls, despite their official status, facilitated commercial activities that blurred the boundary between diplomacy and trade. The chapter contributes to recent scholarship that rethinks early modern consular diplomacy as a hybrid institution shaped by local alliances, commercial ambition, and flexible notions of sovereignty. It also calls for a reassessment of Scandinavia’s role in the history of slavery, showing how even smaller European powers became entangled in the legal and logistical infrastructures of human commodification in both Atlantic and Mediterranean contexts.