The chapter examines how globalization distorts conventional approaches to desertification by decoupling the locations of environmental degradation from those of resource consumption. Traditionally, desertification has been addressed at the national or regional level, with strategies such as Spain’s National Action Program to Combat Desertification (NAPCD) focusing on local land use. However, the globalization of food and feed markets has shifted environmental impacts abroad, particularly through the import of soy and cereals for intensive livestock production. While national metrics may show land recovery and reduced overgrazing, these improvements often coincide with the externalization of land degradation to biodiversity-rich ecosystems in South America, where feed crops are cultivated. The chapter also discusses the environmental consequences of Spain’s fruit and vegetable exports, including groundwater depletion and pollution, which are linked to international demand. Current frameworks, such as Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), fail to account for the transnational nature of modern land degradation. Authors call for a reassessment of how desertification is defined and measured in a globalized context, emphasizing the need for international cooperation and responsibility-sharing to address the true scope of land degradation.