Vector-borne viral diseases, also known as arboviral or arthropod-borne viral diseases, have significantly contributed to morbidity and mortality in human and animal populations, yet they have remained neglected zoonotic tropical diseases. The viruses responsible for these infections naturally survive in intricate sylvatic, peri-domestic, and urban cycles, mainly facilitated by biological transmissions between arthropod vectors and vertebrate reservoirs such as wildlife and livestock. Humans are accidental hosts who are rarely involved in these cycles. Arboviruses are classified into at least eight distinct viral families, each exhibiting diverse biological characteristics, many of which are also zoonotic. With favourable weather conditions for the proliferation of arthropod vectors and the diversity of animal reservoirs, Africa has been disproportionately affected by these viruses, leading to large disease outbreaks of vector-borne diseases, especially arboviral diseases such as Chikungunya, Dengue, West Nile, Yellow Fever, Zika, Monkeypox, among others. This chapter discusses the nature and health challenges these viral diseases pose on the African continent and the way forward.