This paper studies the application of 3D visualization technology in the digital development of educational resources, focusing on its role in modeling, interactive design, performance optimization and teaching effect evaluation. By designing a virtual biology laboratory and an online chemical molecule visualization platform, the advantages of 3D visualization technology in improving learning efficiency and teaching effect are verified. The study uses a parametric modeling method to construct an educational resource model, combines the Phong lighting model and LOD (Level of Detail) technology to optimize rendering performance, and analyzes the visualization effect and user experience through simulation experiments. The results show that 3D visualization technology significantly improves learners’ understanding of abstract concepts, increases the mastery rate of knowledge points by 15% to 20%, and shortens learning time by about 30%, providing effective technical support for the digital development of educational resources.