This paper presents a comprehensive comparison between two leading Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) technologies: LoRa and mioty. While both are designed for energy-efficient, long-range communication in IoT applications, they differ significantly in their modulation schemes, spectral efficiency, robustness, and network capacity. The study combines theoretical analysis with extensive laboratory measurements to evaluate critical performance metrics such as on-air time, packet error rate (PER), sensitivity, and achievable network throughput. LoRa’s performance is analyzed across various spreading factors, highlighting its limitations under high-load conditions in dense deployments. Energy consumption per packet and estimated device lifetime under typical usage scenarios are also assessed. The results show that mioty operates closer to theoretical performance limits and offers substantial advantages for large-scale IoT deployments. These findings provide practical insights for network designers selecting between LoRa and mioty, particularly in dense or capacity-critical environments.