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This study represents the development of sustainable hybrid laminates using alkali-treated jute and kenaf fiber sheets reinforced in a Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix via microwave-assisted processing. Laminates were fabricated by means of a microwave heating technique, ensuring uniform melting of LLDPE and effective fiber impregnation in significantly reduced cycle times. Mechanical and physical properties of the composite laminates were systematically evaluated. The tensile strength reached a maximum of 16.64 MPa and tensile modulus 273.21 MPa for the J0K3 configuration (100% kenaf layers), whereas the J3K0 laminate (100% jute) exhibited lower tensile strength at 13.27 MPa and modulus of 171.79 MPa. Flexural performance was highest for the J1K2 hybrid laminate, achieving a flexural strength of 20.31 MPa and modulus of 489.42 MPa. Hardness testing showed Shore D values between 50.0 and 50.8, with the hybrid laminates recording the highest surface resistance. Water absorption tests indicated greater moisture uptake in kenaf based laminates (5.50% for J0K3), while the J2K1 configuration demonstrated improved moisture resistance with 3.76% absorption and the lowest permeability coefficient of 4.18 × 10−5 mm2/s. SEM analysis confirmed better fiber-matrix adhesion in hybrid samples. Overall, this research work confirms that microwave-processed jute/kenaf hybrid laminates provide an optimal balance of mechanical strength, flexural behavior, and moisture resistance, promoting their use in eco-friendly, lightweight structural applications.

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Experimental Trial-and-Error Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Fabrication Parameters for Hybrid Laminates: Development and Characterization for Smart Structural Applications

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Hari Om Maurya,
  • Himanshu Bisaria,
  • Prabhat Kumar Prajapati,
  • Gaurav Kumar,
  • Lalta Prasad,
  • Vijay Kumar

摘要

This study represents the development of sustainable hybrid laminates using alkali-treated jute and kenaf fiber sheets reinforced in a Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LLDPE) matrix via microwave-assisted processing. Laminates were fabricated by means of a microwave heating technique, ensuring uniform melting of LLDPE and effective fiber impregnation in significantly reduced cycle times. Mechanical and physical properties of the composite laminates were systematically evaluated. The tensile strength reached a maximum of 16.64 MPa and tensile modulus 273.21 MPa for the J0K3 configuration (100% kenaf layers), whereas the J3K0 laminate (100% jute) exhibited lower tensile strength at 13.27 MPa and modulus of 171.79 MPa. Flexural performance was highest for the J1K2 hybrid laminate, achieving a flexural strength of 20.31 MPa and modulus of 489.42 MPa. Hardness testing showed Shore D values between 50.0 and 50.8, with the hybrid laminates recording the highest surface resistance. Water absorption tests indicated greater moisture uptake in kenaf based laminates (5.50% for J0K3), while the J2K1 configuration demonstrated improved moisture resistance with 3.76% absorption and the lowest permeability coefficient of 4.18 × 10−5 mm2/s. SEM analysis confirmed better fiber-matrix adhesion in hybrid samples. Overall, this research work confirms that microwave-processed jute/kenaf hybrid laminates provide an optimal balance of mechanical strength, flexural behavior, and moisture resistance, promoting their use in eco-friendly, lightweight structural applications.