Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. While often indolent, thyroid cancer presents with diverse histologic subtypes ranging from well-differentiated forms with excellent prognosis to aggressive variants such as anaplastic carcinoma. Key risk factors include exposure to ionizing radiation and genetic predisposition. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, often followed by radioactive iodine therapy. Systemic therapy is generally reserved for advanced or refractory disease and will depend on the tumor mutational status. Osseous metastases, the second most common metastatic site, typically present as bone pain or pathologic fractures and are often initially occult. They can significantly worsen prognosis, and their management includes palliative radiation, bone-modifying agents, and systemic therapy, based on symptom burden and disease extent. Despite generally high survival rates, thyroid cancer survivors face long-term quality of life challenges. Continued focus on survivorship, targeted therapies, and the management of metastases is essential for improving outcomes.