This chapter explores the emerging international praxis of Mad Studies and the insights it offers for post-Kraepelin psychiatry. It seeks to do this through three framing questions: what is ‘madness’, who are ‘the mad’, and why Mad Studies?—and is organised accordingly. The chapter first considers critically some key areas of continuity from Kraepelin to current psychiatry. These include their shared commitment to ‘science’, separation and individualisation and it examines them in relation to research, identity and causation. It then looks more closely at the development of a new social movement (NSM), Mad Studies, relating it first to the modern survivor movement from which it has grown, and then explores its contrasting take compared to Kraepelin and psychiatry on the three framing questions identified above. This chapter concludes that Mad Studies is a helpful new paradigm to explore for (mental) well-being, after more than a century of continuity and questionable effectiveness with regard to psychiatry and its Kraepelinian roots. It provides a basis for survivors both to identify themselves and highlight their overlaps with others. The emphasis of Mad Studies on the social relations of madness and distress, and on participation, self-organisation, self-directed and holistic responses, is highlighted as helpful in challenging the maddening and unsustainable effects of prevailing neoliberal ideology and politics with their pressures to division, conflict, inequality, poverty and morbidity.