EnvironmentalEnvironmental pollutionPollution from industrial, agricultural, and urban sources has intensified global concerns about ecosystem degradation and public health. While conventional remediation methods exist, they often lack the sensitivity and real-time capabilities required for modern environmentalEnvironmental challengesChallenges. Nanomaterial-enhanced biosensorsBiosensor have emerged as transformative tools, combining biological recognition elements (enzymesEnzymes, antibodiesAntibodies, aptamers) with advanced nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, nanozymes) to enable simultaneous pollutantPollutants detection and degradation. These systems leverage the unique properties of nanomaterials such as high surface area, catalytic activity, and tunable surface chemistry to achieve attomolar detection limitsDetection limits and efficient remediation through mechanisms like photocatalysis, adsorption, and redox reactions. Many materials, such as TiO2 nanoparticles, detect and degrade organic pollutantsPollutants under UV light, while graphene-based biosensorsBiosensor electrochemically reduce heavy metalsHeavy metals. The integration of artificial (AIArtificial Intelligence (AI)) and machine learningMachine Learning (ML) (ML) automated signal processing and adaptive calibration. Algorithms like convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks classify pollutantsPollutants, forecast contaminationContamination trends, and optimize sensor designs for complex environments. Federated learning facilitates decentralized monitoringMonitoring, ensuring data privacy in IoTInternet of Things (IoT)-enabled networks. However, challengesChallenges persist, including nanomaterial stability, selectivity in mixed pollutantPollutants systems, and AIArtificial Intelligence (AI) interpretability. Future advancements focus on sustainable nanomaterials, explainable AI frameworks, and self-powered biosensorsBiosensor for autonomous operation. This chapter explores the synergistic role of nanomaterial-based biosensorsBiosensor and AI/ML in environmentalEnvironmental remediation, covering principles, applications, and emerging trends. By merging real-timeMonitoring monitoringReal-time monitoring with targeted degradation, these technologiesTechnology offer a scalable solutionSolutions for achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, fostering a cleaner and healthier planet.