The durability of external Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) strengthening systems of reinforced concrete (RC) structures subjected to freeze-thaw cycles (FT) is largely influenced by the durability and performance of the components involved, including the CFRP and the epoxy resin used in the adhesive layer. This article presents a comprehensive experimental study focused on the mechanical behavior of CFRP and adhesive resin samples exposed to varying numbers of FT cycles in a saltwater environment. The mechanical properties, specifically the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the CFRP and adhesive resin laminates, were rigorously evaluated through tensile tests conducted after different intervals of FT exposure. The results reveal a significant decrease in the tensile strength of CFRP coupons by 20.5% after 300 FT cycles, while the modulus of elasticity experienced only a slight reduction of 6% under the same conditions. Conversely, the adhesive resin demonstrated substantial degradation, with tensile strength decreasing by 31% and the modulus of elasticity declining by 11% after 300 cycles. Furthermore, an analytical prediction model was developed to quantify the impact of the number of FT cycles on the normalized elastic modulus of CFRP coupons, offering critical insights for future structural applications.