Textile reinforced concrete (TRC) belongs to the innovative building materials with strongly increasing number of applications in construction practice in recent years. Besides the construction of new building components, it has an outstanding potential for maintenance and strengthening measures of existing structures. This publication reports an experimental study on the confinement of reinforced concrete (RC) columns with TRC. By confining a column with TRC, the lateral expansion of the concrete can be substantially reduced. The resulting multiaxial compressive stress state enables the increase of the columns’s axial load bearing capacity. In total, 9 TRC-confined cylindrical concrete specimens – divided into 3 different series – were tested to investigate their structural performance and to analyse the load-deflection behavior. The TRC-system consisted of a high-strength fine-grained concrete and a textile made out of Polypara-phenylene-benzo-bisthiazole (PBO). Whereas the fiber reinforcement ratio was varied in two series, another series served as an unconfined reference. All specimens were equipped with measurement systems consisting of strain gauges and linear variable differential transformers (LVDT’s). The specimens were loaded under uniaxial compression until failure. Based on the test results, stress distribution and failure mechanisms of the reinforced specimens were studied. Furthermore, stress-strain relationship of the confined columns were investigated. The results show a significant increase in load-bearing capacity and an improvement of the ductility of the strengthened elements compared to the non-confined ones. The increase of the load-bearing capacity is directly influenced by the number of textile layers in the confinement.