Non-ductile reinforced concrete structures are vulnerable to sudden collapse during seismic events. Enhancing these columns with Surface-Embedded Steel (SES) bars and Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) jacketing can significantly improve their flexural strength and ductility, especially in the plastic hinge regions. Backbone curves are commonly used in nonlinear analysis to model the hysteresis behavior of plastic hinges; however, there is no standardized method for developing these curves for FRP-confined columns, considering factors like column shape, FRP jacket stiffness, and material properties. This paper presents new analytical models for generating backbone curves for columns with SES bars, lap splice deficiencies, and FRP confinement, derived from sectional analysis and displacement calculations. These curves can be applied in ASCE/SEI 41 evaluation and rehabilitation procedures. To validate these models, five full-scale columns with different dimensions, steel layouts, SES bars, and FRP jackets were tested under axial and cyclic lateral loads. The FRP jackets addressed lap-splice deficiencies and provided confinement for the SES and concrete in the plastic hinge region. The test results showed significant improvements in plastic hinge ductility (over 300%) and flexural strength (over 40%). Additionally, the backbone curves developed using the proposed methodology closely matched the experimental column responses observed during the full-scale tests.