Four-Wave-Mixing in the Vacuum—Toward Search for Something Dark in the Universe
摘要
We overview a novel experimental approach to search for extremely weakly coupled, low-mass pseudo-Nambu–Goldstone bosons (pNGBs), motivated by extensions to the Standard ModelStandard model that aim to explain the nature of dark matterDark matter and dark energy. The method utilizes high-intensity photon–photon scattering under stimulated conditions, in which the signal generation rate scales with the cube of the photon number. This scaling enhances sensitivity to particles with gravitational- or sub-gravitational-scale couplings. To induce otherwise undetectable decays of long-lived pNGBs, we introduce an auxiliary inducing field that enables parametric resonance, analogous to four-wave mixingFour-wave mixing. We demonstrate that the effective center-of-mass system (CMS) energy of the photon–photon collisions can be lowered by manipulating the relative angle between two focused beams (quasi-parallel system), allowing access to the resonant production of pNGBs in the meV– \(\upmu \) eV mass range. An extended theoretical formalism is reviewed that accounts for general non-collinear geometries and asymmetric energy configurations. We illustrate the projected reach of the method over a broad range of couplings and masses, and we include experimental results from the SAPPHIRES international collaboration using the high-intensity pulse lasers. Furthermore, we discuss the prospects of incorporating GHz-band coherent sources such as klystrons to probe even weaker couplings, beyond those required for viable dark matterDark matter candidates. This multi-wavelength strategy offers a promising path for uncovering new physics hidden in the weakly coupled sector.