Packaging is essential for the safe production and commercialization of food. Traditionally, it serves the functions of protection, preservation, information, and convenience and is made from materials such as metal, glass, paper/cardboard, and more recently, petroleum-based plastics. However, changes in consumer eating habits, new consumption trends, and the growing concern over plastic pollution demand innovations in the food packaging sector. As a result, the study of innovative technologies, such as active and intelligent packaging, is gaining attention. Additionally, research into bio-based polymers as potential substitutes for conventional plastics is being driven by the urgent need to mitigate the advance of plastic pollution and its harmful consequences. Nevertheless, these technologies face challenges in their implementation. Nanotechnology therefore emerges as a strong ally, as the incorporation of nanoscale materials into polymer matrices can result in packaging materials with enhanced properties. This chapter presents and discusses in detail the addition of nanocompounds into different polymer bases for the development of food packaging, providing the reader with an overview of the application of nanotechnology in this field.