This chapter introduces the reader to the complexities associated with migration and exploitation. The chapter begins with a description of migration processes in the context of increasingly hostile immigration systems. I will then critically examine the legal definition of human trafficking and its consequences for conceptualising and measuring it. Here, it is argued that the legal definition of human trafficking contributes to binary understandings of exploitation and, subsequently, the construction of ‘ideal victims’ (Christie N, The Ideal Victim. In: Fattah EA (ed) From Crime Policy to Victim Policy. Macmillan, London, 1986) and a new form of ‘folk devils’ (Cohen S, Folk Devils and Moral Panics: The Creation of the Mods and Rockers. Routledge, Oxon, 2011). This construction obscures the structural processes leading to exploitation and the liminal agency of vulnerable populations. Finally, the chapter concludes that the current framing of trafficking complicates criminal justice responses and victim identification and furthermore, that sex trafficking needs to be reframed as a continuum of exploitation. Whilst these are fundamentally offline processes, they are paramount to making sense of internet-mediated exploitation in sex markets.