This chapter introduces the reader to the current case study, the research context, the scope and research questions and the structure of the book. It clarifies that the book is focused on internet-mediated exploitation occurring in sex markets in Scotland, and more widely, the United Kingdom, and the role of online technologies in facilitating it. It briefly highlights some of the complexities associated with human trafficking and exploitation, and that technology in this context is often perceived, paradoxically, as both a driving force and a panacea to sex trafficking. It is argued that there is limited evidence on the precise role of technology in facilitating exploitation, and that critical research on the use of open-source intelligence in the policing of exploitation is limited. The aim of the research underpinning this book is to advance our understanding of these complexities through the application of computational criminology, and thus serves as a starting point for critical, future research into the trafficking-technology nexus.