This introduction establishes the book’s dual purpose: providing an up-to-date exposition of Thomas Kuhn’s work while offering critical assessment of his philosophical legacy. Written as philosophical doxography, it aims to fill the gap left by Alexander Bird’s 2000 primer, incorporating recent scholarship including Kuhn’s posthumously published Last Writings. I characterize Kuhn as an interesting failure—a (qua-Bird) philosopher manqué whose lack of formal philosophical training left him philosophically problematic yet undeniably revolutionary in impact. The book adopts a thematic-chronological structure, tracing Kuhn’s development from Structure’s descriptive, history-based approach through his later first-principles linguistic turn, while resisting false coherency and Kuhn’s own retrospective retconning of his career. Focusing solely on Kuhn’s philosophical rather than historical work, it seeks to demonstrate how twentieth-century philosophy of science would be impoverished without Kuhn’s contributions, despite his ultimate failure to achieve the philosophical respectability he sought—making his career genuinely tragic in the classical sense.