Okubo algebra is generated with the Okubo algebra product from the eight traceless matrices that M. Gell-Mann introduced for the generation of SU(3) in elementary particle physics. Okubo algebra is compared to octonions and geometric algebras a weak eight-dimensional division algebra that is not unital, not associative, not alternative but flexible with a positive definite norm that is associative and compositional. We combine the recent mutual embeddings of Okubo algebra in octonion algebra and of octonion algebra in geometric algebras to embed Okubo algebra in (sub)algebras of geometric algebras and vice versa. On the side of geometric algebras (and isomorphic algebras) this includes Pauli algebra, the algebra of three-dimensional space Cl(3, 0), space-time algebra (STA) C(1, 3) of Minkowski space \(\mathbb {R}^{1,3}\) (a multivector representation of Dirac’s algebra), the algebra of opposite signature Cl(3, 1), and all geometric algebras Cl(p, q), \(n=p+q\ge 3\) (except Cl(2, 1)). Spinors in STA are even grade elements in \(Cl^+(1,3)\) of the even subalgebra of STA, which can embed octonions and now also Okubo algebra. Okubo algebra plays a pivotal role in quantum chromo dynamics (QCD). It appears possible to generate all geometric algebras (and therefore all spinor algebras) by embeddings in tensor products of Okubo algebras, which may be of great interest for enhancing the standard model toward unifying all four elementary forces, all starting with the weak Okubo algebra.

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Embedding the Okubo Algebra in Clifford’s Geometric Algebras and Vice Versa

  • Eckhard Hitzer,
  • Stephen J. Sangwine

摘要

Okubo algebra is generated with the Okubo algebra product from the eight traceless matrices that M. Gell-Mann introduced for the generation of SU(3) in elementary particle physics. Okubo algebra is compared to octonions and geometric algebras a weak eight-dimensional division algebra that is not unital, not associative, not alternative but flexible with a positive definite norm that is associative and compositional. We combine the recent mutual embeddings of Okubo algebra in octonion algebra and of octonion algebra in geometric algebras to embed Okubo algebra in (sub)algebras of geometric algebras and vice versa. On the side of geometric algebras (and isomorphic algebras) this includes Pauli algebra, the algebra of three-dimensional space Cl(3, 0), space-time algebra (STA) C(1, 3) of Minkowski space \(\mathbb {R}^{1,3}\) (a multivector representation of Dirac’s algebra), the algebra of opposite signature Cl(3, 1), and all geometric algebras Cl(p, q), \(n=p+q\ge 3\) (except Cl(2, 1)). Spinors in STA are even grade elements in \(Cl^+(1,3)\) of the even subalgebra of STA, which can embed octonions and now also Okubo algebra. Okubo algebra plays a pivotal role in quantum chromo dynamics (QCD). It appears possible to generate all geometric algebras (and therefore all spinor algebras) by embeddings in tensor products of Okubo algebras, which may be of great interest for enhancing the standard model toward unifying all four elementary forces, all starting with the weak Okubo algebra.