All thermochemical conversions help to overcome two main hurdles in the bioeconomy: the high oxygen content of biomass (low heating value if used as fuel) and the large variability in biomass composition and characteristics. The bioeconomy is not only a concept but also requires technologies that are attractive enough for companies to put into practice, thus creating the technological base for a large-scale use of biomass. In this chapter, students learn how biomass is converted by (thermo-)chemical conversion technologies to energy carriers or platform chemicals.