Although neuroeducation is a modern discipline, where neuroscience, psychology and education are integrated to holistically understand how the brain learns and to better influence the learning process, elements of this discipline can be seen in multiple studies within the Latin American educational thought of the 19th century, revealing its validity. This paper reflects on some ideas present in the work of José Martí (1853–1895) which, saving the distances, are part of the principles of neuroeducation. For the study we selected the magazine “La Edad de Oro” (The Golden Age), dedicated to the children of America, written in 1889 in New York, which synthesizes all the pedagogical ideology of this great teacher of America. Through an analysis of a selection of Golden Age tales, elements are identified that anticipate modern concepts of learning, motivation and cognitive development, courage, honesty, loyalty, love of nature and friendship. The contribution of this work is to bring to light these Martian ideas as a guide for educational action and to value the importance of making this work known in children’s education in the present XXI Century for the work of teachers and parents in the current context.