This chapter will present detailed forensic medicine information about the spinal ligaments and anatomical structures that connect the head to the various parts of the spine and are important for spinal stability. First, basic information will be provided on the common medical conditions involving spinal ligaments, such as traumatic lesions, which are a potential source of medico-legal issues. Diagnostic and treatment approaches to these conditions will be addressed. Basic legal concepts such as medical practice errors, negligence, informed consent, parents’ right to information, delayed or insufficient imaging of spinal ligaments, lack of informed consent regarding surgical results, and diagnostic and treatment approaches will also be discussed. From a medical law perspective, all medical staff—including neuroradiologists and clinical specialists from different disciplines such as neurosurgeons, orthopedic spine surgeons, rehabilitation physicians, and physiotherapists—must know and appreciate that any negligent action or absence of care can result in an adverse clinical situation. A case is presented related to alleged malpractice regarding the treatment of patients with various lesions involving spinal ligaments.