This chapter reviews information from ancient to modern times concerning the morphology and function of spinal ligaments. We begin by studying the ancient period, including the Edwin Smith papyrus, Hindu medical knowledge documents, and Hippocrates, the Hellenic Father of Medicine. During the Hellenic-Roman-Byzantine-Islamic era, there were important contributions by various scientists. These were followed by the achievements of Leonardo da Vinci, the notes of Arantio, the innovations of Vesalius, the important contributions of other physicians such as Giovanni Borelli, and finally studies during the modern era. Other important steps during recent years are analyzed. Nowadays, new radiological and neurological exams provide physicians with more accurate and valuable information, enabling them to recognize these anatomical structures and study them more effectively. As an important spine compartment, spinal ligaments remain a challenging topic in human anatomy, neurosurgery, and spine surgery all over the world.