In this chapter, I examine the dialectical critique as the principal form within the Frankfurt School tradition, tracing its roots to Hegel and its transformation through Marx’s practical materialism. I argue that while this critique is often termed “immanent,” its defining trait lies in its dialectical nature: it exposes how the internal principles of a social system generate contradictions that negate themselves. Drawing on Hegel’s logic and Marx’s philosophy of praxis, I demonstrate that critique becomes possible when internal contradictions reveal the necessity of transformation. I contrast immanent critique with internal critique, emphasizing that the former reveals systemic failures not as inconsistencies with declared values but as the inevitable outcomes of those very values. I also explore how dialectical critique functions historically, not as moral judgment, but as the detection of necessary transitions between stages of spirit or social configurations. This form of critique exposes the limits of idealism and the dangers of reducing emancipation to historical inevitability. Ultimately, I maintain that dialectical critique retains its power only when it is historically grounded and oriented toward practical transformation.