Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly influences students’ academic performance and well-being. However, limited research has focused on its impact on the hostel environment. This study assessed IAQ parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), formaldehyde (HCHO), and particulate matter (PM2.5, and PM10), in 60 rooms across two hostel blocks in Ifite-Awka. Measurements were conducted using TUYA WIFI Air Quality Monitors and Carbon Monoxide Meters, and 280 questionnaires were assessed to understand the relationship between IAQ and students’ academic performance. Findings revealed CO2 levels frequently exceeded 1000 ppm, indicating poor ventilation, while TVOC levels fluctuated between 0.03 and 0.1 mg/m3, reflecting dynamic indoor activities. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations (30–80 µg/m3) presented health risks, with significant differences in IAQ parameters between hostels attributed to variations in building orientation, ventilation systems, and proximity to pollution sources. Perceived effects, such as “stuffiness” and “insufficient ventilation, “ were strongly linked to reduced academic productivity and absenteeism. Therefore, this study emphasizes the need for targeted IAQ interventions, including improved ventilation, reduced combustion emissions, and enhanced HVAC maintenance. These findings highlight the importance of good IAQ in creating healthier indoor spaces that support academic success, and emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring and effective solutions in student hostels.