Ascertaining the Supplementary Cementitious Composition of Coconut Shell Ash Obtained from Locally Available Coconut Fruits in Ghana
摘要
The rising cost of cement amidst the increasing degradation of the environment through the processes involved in cement manufacturing has given rise to the search for supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) that are affordable, locally available, and environmentally friendly. This study seeks to establish the supplementary cementitious composition (SCC) of coconut shell ash (CSA) produced from locally available coconut fruits in Ghana and ascertain if their SCCs are the same as those available within some national contexts. CSA was obtained through processes of burning, grinding and sieving of coconut shells. A sample of CSA (4 g) was fetched for X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis using the Rigaku NEX CG desktop XRF, which analyses from ₁₁Na to ₉₂U non-destructively. The results indicated the existence of resemblance in the SCC of the CSA in Ghana compared to those of Nigeria and Kenya. However, the concentrations of Al2O3 (2.43%), Fe2O3 (1.13%), SiO2 (9.18%), and SrO (0.0611%) were the lowest compared to that of Nigeria and Kenya, while the concentrations of SO3 (4.93%), MgO (8.55%), Na2O (17.2%), and P2O5(9.11%) were highest. Signifying products with CSA from Ghana as SCM are likely to behave differently. Unique to the study in Ghana is the detection of other SCCs, such as CuO (0.0771%) and ZnO (0.0543%), thus broadening the frontier of existing knowledge on the SCC of CSA and its suitability as a SCM. Practically, it has unraveled the SCC of CSA obtained from shells of locally available coconut fruits in Ghana. This has implications for SCM use and policy development in Ghana.