The construction sector drives economic growth but also contributes significantly to environmental degradation through high resource consumption and waste generation. In Iran, where it accounted for 37% of GDP in 2016, transitioning from the linear “take–make–dispose” model to a Circular Economy (CE) is essential. Despite CE’s potential, its adoption remains limited, with stakeholder engagement identified as a critical factor that has received limited research attention, particularly in the Iranian context. This study aims to identify the main barriers to stakeholder engagement in CE implementation within Iran’s construction sector and propose targeted solutions. Using a qualitative approach, it combines a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on the PRISMA framework with bibliometric analysis via VOSviewer. The review of 27 peer-reviewed articles identifies 26 barriers, categorised into six clusters: informational-knowledge, educational-capacity, regulatory-policy, economic-financial, resistance-to-change–cultural, and coordination-collaboration. These are linked to actionable solutions in a strategy map that offers a clear roadmap for contractors, policymakers, and auditors. The findings provide a practical foundation to guide the integration of CE practices into Iran’s construction sector.