Focusing on first contact stories by authors with degrees in anthropology as well as stories in which anthropologists are characters and in which cultural difference, first contact, and theology intersect, this chapter explores how science fiction provides fertile ground for engagement with human cultural difference on a fictional canvas. Even though we cannot fully imagine ourselves into the experience of other human beings, much less imagine what it would be like to have fundamentally different biology, the effort to write about such matters nonetheless helps us to prepare for the possibility of first contact, and at the same time to recognize the limits or our ability to prepare.