An introduction on the items concerning the concept and evaluation of the Urban Green through the systemic approach given by Landscape Bionomics is provide at the beginning of the chapter, which enlightens the quantitative values of some ecological parameters too. We deal with the problem of the correct localization, design and planning in the territory also, in relation to the Principle of Emergent Properties. The same relations are tackled concerning ten masterplan models, in the research of their ecological congruence with the new quarter in Milan. Each model was composed by six landscape elements, having the same standard land cover but different mosaics. After a landscape bionomics analysis, the best model was chosen for the development of the executive project. As predicted by the deterministic chaos, a small difference in the starting parameter of two projects can led to a sharp difference in the behavior of the Parks: a wrong choice means a delate of about four decennia for ecological benefits. The possibility of the restoration of the environment of a Region trough the introduction of a compensative ecotope, for instance a park area in an urban landscape is shown subsequently: an example concerning the Chiaravalle Abbeys Park (South of Milan), with a semi-natural park ecotope is provided. Today, being the average BTC of the Abbeys Park = 1.10 Mcal/m2/year, the influence range of the park is very short (Ecological Radius ER = 0.75 Km), so that only the peripheral margin of the town can benefit from this Park. If the design of the new seminatural park could reach an average BTC = 2.25 Mcal/m2/year, ER = 3.60 Km, its influence should arrive at the margin of the central City. Finally, a study is proposed that intends to verify the opportunity of a plan of reforestation in an urbanized territory to improve our health. This aim needs: (a) to follow the discipline of Landscape Bionomics, (b) to apply a risk analysis concerning zoonosis and premature death, and form function design, and (c) to improve human habitat by adding semi-natural parks. The Study Area is presented: the Province of Monza-Brianza linked to the City of Milan. The main principles of Landscape Bionomics (LB) are shortly presented with some of LB state functions and diagnostic models. If we increase forests from 7.46% to 8.20% (+393.5 ha) we go from 296 cases of zoonosis/year to 325. Even if Mortality Rate should grow near to 3–4% (e.g., antibiotic resistance) the increase of death/year due to reforestation will remain near 570 in the next 40 years. But reforestation at the same time may reduce premature death by about 2150 units, of course if carried out according to the criteria reported.

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Urban Parks and Health Protection

  • Vittorio Ingegnoli

摘要

An introduction on the items concerning the concept and evaluation of the Urban Green through the systemic approach given by Landscape Bionomics is provide at the beginning of the chapter, which enlightens the quantitative values of some ecological parameters too. We deal with the problem of the correct localization, design and planning in the territory also, in relation to the Principle of Emergent Properties. The same relations are tackled concerning ten masterplan models, in the research of their ecological congruence with the new quarter in Milan. Each model was composed by six landscape elements, having the same standard land cover but different mosaics. After a landscape bionomics analysis, the best model was chosen for the development of the executive project. As predicted by the deterministic chaos, a small difference in the starting parameter of two projects can led to a sharp difference in the behavior of the Parks: a wrong choice means a delate of about four decennia for ecological benefits. The possibility of the restoration of the environment of a Region trough the introduction of a compensative ecotope, for instance a park area in an urban landscape is shown subsequently: an example concerning the Chiaravalle Abbeys Park (South of Milan), with a semi-natural park ecotope is provided. Today, being the average BTC of the Abbeys Park = 1.10 Mcal/m2/year, the influence range of the park is very short (Ecological Radius ER = 0.75 Km), so that only the peripheral margin of the town can benefit from this Park. If the design of the new seminatural park could reach an average BTC = 2.25 Mcal/m2/year, ER = 3.60 Km, its influence should arrive at the margin of the central City. Finally, a study is proposed that intends to verify the opportunity of a plan of reforestation in an urbanized territory to improve our health. This aim needs: (a) to follow the discipline of Landscape Bionomics, (b) to apply a risk analysis concerning zoonosis and premature death, and form function design, and (c) to improve human habitat by adding semi-natural parks. The Study Area is presented: the Province of Monza-Brianza linked to the City of Milan. The main principles of Landscape Bionomics (LB) are shortly presented with some of LB state functions and diagnostic models. If we increase forests from 7.46% to 8.20% (+393.5 ha) we go from 296 cases of zoonosis/year to 325. Even if Mortality Rate should grow near to 3–4% (e.g., antibiotic resistance) the increase of death/year due to reforestation will remain near 570 in the next 40 years. But reforestation at the same time may reduce premature death by about 2150 units, of course if carried out according to the criteria reported.