It is challenging to obtain essential minerals, including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, and rare earth elements, but their secure availability and appropriate management are essential for the effective implementation of sustainable energy transitions. Even though previous studies have looked closely at specific problems like regional concentration, geopolitical instability, and sustainability issues, there is frequently a lack of a coherent framework to analyze how these issues interact and affect supply–demand dynamics. This chapter presents a strategic framework for policy suggestions and synthesizes findings from recent research to identify weaknesses in the mineral supply chain. Crucial insights highlight the requirements for critical minerals policies, integrating sustainability into the minerals procedure, and encouraging technology. By implementing critical minerals policies, policymakers can help ensure a steady and sustainable supply of mineral resources.