Business is changing, focusing on sustainability-driven decision-making and aligning to ESG strategies. This paper reviews sustainable supply chain optimization, climate resilience, resource efficiency, and compliance with global mandates like the UN SDGs and the Paris Agreement. Despite progress, sustainability is fragmented across industries, and we need a unified theoretical framework to integrate it. This paper examines sustainability policies, including energy-intensive digital operations, algorithmic bias in environmental governance, and ESG reporting complexities. From Scopus, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore, it identifies trends, research gaps, and interdisciplinary approaches to bridge the gap between sustainability policies and responsible innovation. Findings contribute to academic research and policymaking and provide a roadmap for corporate leaders and regulators to drive a resilient and environmentally conscious global economy.