Contemporary identity is multifaceted, complex, and fluid. It is influenced by various collective actors, which opens up space to approach it from different perspectives. This book does exactly that. It uses different social disciplines, such as sociology, political communication, law, and political science, to follow the development of identity, its portrayal, and treatment in politics. This chapter provides a brief retrospective on identity politics, its foundations, the way it interacts with the media space, its channeling into law through the systematization of collective identity rights, and its connection with territoriality and the environment, which, in addition to being physical, is also digital and can create virtual communities. All this complex dynamic has its own reflections, creating social tensions that are recognized in the growth of extremist tendencies in society. The basis of this is the feeling of threat to established identities, which creates identity counter-politics, which can be recognized through the growth of extremism and populism. Taking into account all the aforementioned factors, the book “Contemporary Challenges to Identity Politics” provides a comprehensive overview of the way identity politics is formulated and evolved in its most significant segments.