This study examines the influence of intellectual property rights (IPRSs) protection and the innovation capacity of trading partners on Vietnam’s export performance. Using panel data from 40 countries on the period of 2011–2020, the analysis employs a gravity model to examine factors such as GDP, tariffs, and geographic distance. The results indicate that enhanced IPRS protection in partner countries is associated with improved export performance, likely by contributing to a more stable trade environment and mitigating intellectual property risks. Furthermore, countries with higher levels of innovation tend to demand more Vietnamese exports, particularly in sectors driven by technology. The findings suggest that Vietnam could benefit from strengthening its domestic innovation system, improving IPRS enforcement, and prioritizing trade relationships with economically innovative countries.