The environmental protection policies are not effective in Nigeria. This is evident in Nigeria’s low global environmental performance index scores. Therefore, this study examined the environmental health implications of work practices in Nigeria, focusing on the following research questions: (1) what are the environmental health hazards in the dominant work practices in Nigeria? and (2) how should the Nigerian government strengthen its environmental health policies? These questions were addressed through analysis of secondary data and 52 in-depth interviews. Findings revealed that the environmental health hazards in the dominant work practices in Nigeria comprised: (1) greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and environmental degradation from the production of crude oil and natural gas, (2) water pollution from dumping of industrial wastes, and (3) air pollution from bush burning, transportation, and manufacturing industries. Work practices have contributed to environmental health problems differently, while Nigeria’s policies and institutional arrangements to protect environmental health have underperformed. Therefore, the Nigerian government should establish and enforce emission standards and provide comprehensive and inclusive environmental health education for all stakeholders across workplaces and industries in Nigeria.