The urban heat island (UHI) is a local phenomenon in which the thermal gradient in downtown areas increases more than that in rural areas, mainly due to the alteration in land cover. Recently, the attention has been focused on the different thinking methods affecting the area of the UHI. These methods include urban characteristics (city size and population), atmospheric conditions, and topographical features. These aspects became noticeably more critical for the sustainable development of an area and the management of the problems related to UHI. Due to its urban sprawl, proximity to the capital, and heavy industrial and agricultural development, the study of the UHI in the Facatativá municipality of Cundinamarca is essential. Accordingly, one of the objectives of this research is to determine the impact of land cover and land use modifications on the rise (or fall) of temperatures, thus uncovering some potential things that could be done to control and mitigate the Urban Heat Island effect in Facatativá, thus promote urban resilience. The method used for this research was divided into three parts. First, spectral indexes such as NDVI, MNDWI, NDBI, and DEM were utilized to do the spatial refinement of the Land Surface Temperature LST from MODIS, using data from the last two decades. A detailed study of surface temperature was conducted. It focused on vegetation and other land uses. The analysis used data from the past two decades. New trends were identified. The study established how urban morphometric factors influence urban, peri-urban, and rural temperatures. Finally, the UHI was detected using the spatiotemporal aggregation of LST, showing the most significant abnormal value and the characteristics of the UHI occurred. The data analysis found that between 2000 and 2020, the LST was observed to change by about 3 °C, with the maximum value reaching 25 °C getting a significant change from 2015. As part of the Urban Heat Island Effect, the growth in the area was consistent over the period at a 150 m/year rate from the northeast to the Southeast, with a concurrent decrease in vegetation of about 3.5% due to the urbanization taking place during the last decade. Furthermore, the finding of another epicentre associated with the hot spots indicates the development of another uncontrolled urban area that was not considered in the territorial planning framework. Thus, these observations are meaningful for urban managerial decision-making, territorial management, and the agenda. The findings offer valuable insights for policymakers aiming to promote urban sustainability by adopting green infrastructure. Moreover, this research enhances the understanding of UHI dynamics in mid-sized Colombian cities and provides a model that can be replicated in other urban areas confronting similar environmental issues.