The research progress of this scale inhibitor and descaling agent in oilfield applications mainly summarizes the hazards, mechanisms, influencing factors, and common scale inhibition techniques of scaling in oilfield water systems. The article points out that the increase in ion concentration in oilfield water can easily lead to scaling, affecting the production efficiency and equipment safety of oil wells. The scaling mechanism involves fluid incompatibility theory, crystal dynamics theory, and fluid mechanics theory, among others. Temperature, pressure, pH value, and water mineralization are the main factors affecting scaling. The commonly used scale inhibitors in oil fields include natural polymer scale inhibitors, copolymer scale inhibitors, and environmentally friendly scale inhibitors. The article also explores the mechanism of action and evaluation methods of scale inhibitors, providing reference for the development of scale inhibition and removal technology in oil fields.