Spectral analysis is a powerful technique widely used to determine the chemical composition of materials, as each substance possesses an unique emission spectrum. These optical spectra are measured using specialized spectral instruments. A general spectral instrument consists of three key components: a sampling element (such as a slit), a dispersive element positioned at the pupil plane of the optical system, and an imaging system that projects the dispersed slit image onto an optical sensor. Prism spectrometers operate based on the dispersion of light in transparent optical materials. The resolving power of a prism spectrometer depends on the dispersion properties of the material and the physical size of the prism. Grating spectrometers utilize diffraction from periodic structures (gratings). For these instruments, the resolving power is shown to depend on the total number of illuminated grooves and the order of interference. Fabry-Perot spectrometers are used to achieve extremely high spectral resolution in a narrow spectral range.