Women in Argentina have emerged in the public sphere as active participants in the struggle for human rights against the authoritarian governments of the 1980s and more recently against gender-based violence and in defence of their sexual and reproductive rights. Does this leading role translate into a gender gap in voting? We examine whether a traditional or modern gender gap has existed since the return of democracy, whether a gender gap appears in support for the far-right populist president Javier Milei elected in 2023, and whether a gender gap appeared in voting for female candidates, along with the factors that explain these behaviours. Data from nationwide surveys conducted between 1984 and 2023 are analysed, together with aggregate socioeconomic data, using linear regressions, multilevel linear regressions, and logistic voting models. The results show a traditional gender gap in 2021 but no effect of gender on ideological choice for the rest of the series. However, occupation, socioeconomic status, religious commitment, and race had different effects on women’s votes and men’s votes. Differential behaviour was also observed among women on the basis of the same variables. Likewise, we observed lower support for the radical populist right among women and fluctuations in women’s support for female candidates over time.