This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the impact of gender on political behaviour in Latin America. We examined how women voted and their level of turnout in each of the region’s 18 countries compared to men. The time period covered by each chapter ranges from 6 to 40 years depending on the availability of data, and it encompasses more than 100 elections. Using linear, logistic, multinomial and multilevel regressions, we analysed individual data from country-specific and transnational surveys and analysed aggregate data from official sources and international organisations. We found partial evidence of the traditional vs modern gender gap and the gap in turnout and a more widespread presence of gaps in support for radical right-wing populist parties (PRRPs) and for female candidates. Also, the political, institutional, economic and cultural contexts play significant roles in how these gender gaps in women’s political behaviour emerge in Latin American countries.