Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, highlighting the urgent need for advanced therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. Nanotherapeutics, an evolving field in oncology, utilizes nanobiomaterials to enhance drug delivery, increase therapeutic efficacy, and reduce systemic toxicity. This chapter presents a detailed examination of recent innovations in the design, synthesis, and functionalization of nanoparticles such as liposomes, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles, and nanomicelles for CRC treatment. Emphasis is placed on their role in improving the targeted delivery of immunotherapies, gene therapies, photothermal therapies, and chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, this chapter explores the potential of multifunctional nanoplatforms with theranostic capabilities, integrating both therapeutic and diagnostic functions to revolutionize CRC management. Key considerations, including biocompatibility, biodistribution, and regulatory challenges, are critically analyzed alongside an overview of recent clinical trials and future research directions. This review underscores the translational potential of nanotherapeutics in CRC treatment, emphasizing their promise in enabling more precise, personalized, and effective cancer therapies.